こく

[酷] ¶→酷な

¶→酷である

古句
ancient expression
old poem
刻
time
carving
engraving
cutting
石
volume measure (approx. 180l, 5 bushels, 10 cub.ft)
剋
victory
酷
severe
harsh
stringent
rigorous
strict
unfair

* * *

こく【酷】

¶ → 酷な

¶ → 酷である

* * *

I

こく【石】

〔容積の単位〕 a koku. <▲> 米穀類は 180.39 リットル, 木材は 0.278 立方メートル.

●米 10石 10 koku of rice.

●(大名が)5 万石を領する hold a fief of [yielding] 50,000 koku (of rice).

II

こく【刻】

〔1 日を 12 分した 1 つ〕 a two-hour period.

●午(_うま)の刻 noon (time)

・子(_ね)の刻に at midnight.

III

こく【穀】

〔穀類〕 cereals; grain; 《英》 corn.

IV

こく【扱く】

strip; thresh; hackle; thrash.

●稲を扱く strip rice

・桑の葉を扱く strip the leaves off a mulberry twig.

V

こく【放く】

1 〔放出する〕

●屁をこく 《卑》 (let off a) fart.

2 〔言う〕

●うそをこくな. Liar! | I don't believe you [a word of it].

・馬鹿こけ! Nonsense! | 《英》 Rubbish! | 《米》 《口》 Bullshit!

VI

こく【酷】

～な 〔厳しい〕 severe; strict; rigorous; exacting; stringent; 〔むごい〕 hard; harsh; cruel.

●それは少し酷な言い方だ. That's putting it a little too strong.

・酷な言い方になるが君はもう引退したほうがいい. It's cruel to have to say this [This may sound harsh], but you should retire.

・社長の酷なやり口にはみな腹を立てた. Everybody resented the President's harsh way of doing things.

・酷な批評 harsh [bitter] criticism

・酷な条件 harsh [severe] terms 《of a peace treaty》

・酷な規則 stringent [harsh] rules

・酷な制裁 tough [stiff] sanctions

・君には酷な話だが, 引き受けてくれないか. It's tough on you [You may think this is unfair, I know it's a bit much to ask], but could you take it on?

●彼一人を責めるのは酷だ. It's harsh [unfair] to blame just him.

・そこまでやるのは彼らに酷だ. It's unfair to them [not fair on them] to go that far.

・酷に失する be too [unduly] severe; err on the side of severity.

VII

こく【濃く】

1 〔色合い〕 deep; 〔濃度〕 thick; 〔味〕 strong.

●おしろいを濃く塗る put a thick layer of white make-up [powder] on (one's face)

・塀に茶色を濃く塗る put a thick layer of brown (paint) on a wall

・墨を濃く磨(_す)る rub an ink stick to prepare thick India(n) ink

・お茶を濃く淹(_い)れる make tea strong; brew strong tea

・スープの塩味を少し濃くする make a soup a bit saltier; give a soup a little more saltiness.

2 〔度合い〕 strongly; deeply; 〔密度〕 deeply; thickly; heavily; thick. [⇒いろこく]

●彼女の顔からは失望の色が濃く読み取れた. Deep disappointment was visible in her face. | Her face registered deep disappointment.

・彼女は眉を濃く引いていた. Her eyebrows were heavily [thickly] drawn.

濃くする 〔色合いを〕 deepen; 〔濃度を〕 thicken; make thick [strong]; 【化】 (濃縮する) concentrate; 〔味を〕 concentrate; strengthen; deepen.

●口紅をもう少し濃くしたほうがきれいですよ. You'd look better if your lipstick was a bit thicker [with a little more lipstick on].

・(写真の色を)過度に濃くする 【写真】 overtone

・色を心持ち濃くする make the color a shade darker [a touch deeper]

・水割りを濃くする make whiskey and water stronger; put in more whiskey

・コーヒーをもう少し濃くしてください. Make the coffee a little stronger.

・ジャムの甘みを濃くする make jam very sweet; give jam concentrated sweetness [a high sugar content]

・君の言い訳で彼らはますます疑いを濃くした. Your excuses made them more and more suspicious [strengthened their suspicion(s), deepened their doubts].

濃くなる 〔色合いが〕 deepen; 〔濃度が〕 thicken; grow [get] thick(er); 〔味が〕 get strong(er); increase in strength; 〔度合い･密度が〕 get stronger [deeper]; strengthen; deepen; darken; thicken.

●彼女, 化粧がだんだん濃くなってきたな. Her make-up is getting thicker and thicker, isn't it. | She's putting on more and more make-up, isn't she.

・(写真の色が現像液の中で)だんだん濃くなってくる. The picture is gradually coming out [through].

・山の緑が濃くなってきた. The green of the mountains has deepened in color. | The mountains have become a deeper green.

・霧が濃くなってきた. The mist [fog] is getting thick(er). | There's an increasingly dense fog. | It's getting very misty [foggy].

・煮詰まって味が濃くなった. With boiling down, the flavor has got stronger. | Long boiling has given 《the stock》 a deeper [strong(er), more concentrated] flavor.

・彼女の優勝の可能性が濃くなってきた. It is increasingly probable [possible] that she'll win. | Her chances of victory have strengthened.

・日本チームの敗色が濃くなってきた. It seems increasingly likely that the Japanese team will be defeated. | The chances of Japan winning are increasingly remote.

・息子のひげがだいぶ濃くなってきた. My son's chin has darkened considerably [grown quite hairy]. | There's now quite a lot of hair on my son's face.

VIII

こく

〔深みのある味わい〕 (酒や料理の) body; (文や言葉の) weight; substance.

●この酒はこくがない[足りない]. This sake is rather weak [watery]. | This sake doesn't have much body.

・この酒はとてもこくがある. This sake has plenty of body to it [a good body]. | This is a good, full-bodied sake.

・年を取るにつれて彼女の書くものにはこくが出てきた. With age, her style has become richer and more substantial. | As she grows older, she writes with increasing weight and power.

●こくのある酒 a good, full [full-bodied] sake; sake with a good [full, fine] body; sake with plenty of body

・こくのある料理 food with plenty of flavor; a full-flavored meal

・こくのある文章 full-bodied [rich] language; a rich passage.